/* ── Reset & Base ── */
  #cert-comparison *,
  #cert-comparison *::before,
  #cert-comparison *::after {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
  }

  /* ── Section Shell ── */
  #cert-comparison {
    background: #030F2B;
    color: #f0f4ff;
    font-family: 'Noto Sans TC', 'PingFang TC', 'Microsoft JhengHei', sans-serif;
    padding: 80px 24px;
    overflow: hidden;
    position: relative;
  }

  /* Subtle background pattern */
  #cert-comparison::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background:
      radial-gradient(ellipse 900px 600px at 10% 20%, rgba(197,164,126,0.07) 0%, transparent 60%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse 700px 500px at 85% 80%, rgba(197,164,126,0.05) 0%, transparent 55%);
    pointer-events: none;
  }

  .cert-container {
    max-width: 1100px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
  }

  /* ── Section Header ── */
  .cert-header {
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: 60px;
  }

  .cert-eyebrow {
    display: inline-block;
    background: rgba(197,164,126,0.18);
    color: #C5A47E;
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: 5px 16px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
  }

  .cert-title {
    font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 4vw, 2.6rem);
    font-weight: 900;
    line-height: 1.2;
    color: #ffffff;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
  }

  .cert-title span {
    color: #C5A47E;
  }

  .cert-subtitle {
    font-size: clamp(0.92rem, 2vw, 1.05rem);
    color: rgba(240,244,255,0.72);
    max-width: 640px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    line-height: 1.75;
  }

  /* ── Block Title ── */
  .cert-block-title {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #C5A47E;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
  }

  .cert-block-title::before {
    content: '';
    display: inline-block;
    width: 4px;
    height: 1.2em;
    background: #C5A47E;
    border-radius: 2px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
  }

  /* ── Section Block Spacing ── */
  .cert-block {
    margin-bottom: 64px;
  }

  /* ══════════════════════════════════════
     1. MAIN MAPPING TABLE
  ══════════════════════════════════════ */

  .cert-table-wrapper {
    border-radius: 16px;
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid rgba(197,164,126,0.25);
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.03);
  }

  /* Sticky header container for scroll */
  .cert-table-scroll {
    overflow-x: auto;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  }

  .cert-table {
    width: 100%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    min-width: 720px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
  }

  .cert-table thead th {
    background: rgba(197,164,126,0.18);
    color: #C5A47E;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: 14px 16px;
    text-align: left;
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 5;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(197,164,126,0.3);
    white-space: nowrap;
  }

  .cert-table thead th:first-child {
    border-radius: 0;
  }

  .cert-table tbody tr {
    transition: background 0.2s ease, transform 0.15s ease;
    cursor: default;
  }

  .cert-table tbody tr:not(:last-child) {
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.07);
  }

  .cert-table tbody tr:hover {
    background: rgba(197,164,126,0.08) !important;
    transform: translateX(3px);
  }

  .cert-table td {
    padding: 16px 16px;
    vertical-align: middle;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }

  /* Level color swatch column */
  .cert-level-cell {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    white-space: nowrap;
  }

  .cert-level-dot {
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 0 8px currentColor;
  }

  .cert-level-name {
    font-weight: 800;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #fff;
  }

  .cert-level-full {
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    color: rgba(240,244,255,0.55);
    margin-top: 2px;
    font-weight: 400;
  }

  /* CEFR badge */
  .cert-cefr-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 3px 10px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
    color: #e8f4ff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.15);
    white-space: nowrap;
  }

  /* GEPT cell */
  .cert-gept-cell {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: rgba(240,244,255,0.8);
  }

  .cert-gept-cell.has-cert {
    color: #86efac;
    font-weight: 700;
  }

  .cert-gept-cell.approx {
    color: rgba(240,244,255,0.55);
    font-style: italic;
  }

  /* Grade badge */
  .cert-grade-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 4px 12px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    background: rgba(197,164,126,0.2);
    color: #C5A47E;
    border: 1px solid rgba(197,164,126,0.4);
    white-space: nowrap;
  }

  .cert-age {
    color: rgba(240,244,255,0.7);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    white-space: nowrap;
  }

  .cert-skill-text {
    font-size: 0.83rem;
    color: rgba(240,244,255,0.65);
    line-height: 1.5;
  }

  /* Row color left-border indicator */
  .cert-table tbody tr td:first-child {
    border-left: 4px solid transparent;
    transition: border-color 0.2s;
  }

  /* ── Mobile Cards (mapping table) ── */
  .cert-mobile-cards {
    display: none;
  }

  .cert-card {
    border-radius: 14px;
    padding: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    border-left: 5px solid;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.04);
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.07);
    border-right: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.07);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.07);
    transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
  }

  .cert-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
  }

  .cert-card-header {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: flex-start;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    gap: 10px;
  }

  .cert-card-level {
    font-weight: 900;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    color: #fff;
  }

  .cert-card-full-name {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: rgba(240,244,255,0.5);
    margin-top: 2px;
  }

  .cert-card-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 10px;
  }

  .cert-card-field {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
  }

  .cert-card-label {
    color: rgba(240,244,255,0.45);
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    margin-bottom: 3px;
  }

  .cert-card-value {
    color: rgba(240,244,255,0.88);
    font-weight: 600;
  }

  .cert-card-skill {
    margin-top: 12px;
    padding-top: 12px;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    color: rgba(240,244,255,0.6);
    font-style: italic;
  }

  @media (max-width: 740px) {
    .cert-table-wrapper {
      display: none;
    }
    .cert-mobile-cards {
      display: block;
    }
  }

  /* ══════════════════════════════════════
     2. COMPARISON CARDS (差異對比)
  ══════════════════════════════════════ */

  .cert-comparison-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 0;
    border-radius: 16px;
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid rgba(197,164,126,0.25);
  }

  .cert-compare-col {
    padding: 28px 28px 20px;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.03);
  }

  .cert-compare-col:first-child {
    border-right: 1px solid rgba(197,164,126,0.2);
  }

  .cert-compare-col-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
    padding-bottom: 16px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(197,164,126,0.2);
  }

  .cert-compare-col-icon {
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    border-radius: 10px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    flex-shrink: 0;
  }

  .cert-compare-col-icon.cambridge {
    background: rgba(59,130,246,0.2);
    border: 1px solid rgba(59,130,246,0.3);
  }

  .cert-compare-col-icon.gept {
    background: rgba(34,197,94,0.15);
    border: 1px solid rgba(34,197,94,0.25);
  }

  .cert-compare-col-name {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #fff;
  }

  .cert-compare-col-sub {
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    color: rgba(240,244,255,0.5);
    margin-top: 2px;
  }

  .cert-compare-row {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 18px;
  }

  .cert-compare-dim {
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: rgba(197,164,126,0.8);
  }

  .cert-compare-val {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: rgba(240,244,255,0.82);
    line-height: 1.55;
  }

  @media (max-width: 620px) {
    .cert-comparison-grid {
      grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    .cert-compare-col:first-child {
      border-right: none;
      border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(197,164,126,0.2);
    }
  }

  /* ══════════════════════════════════════
     3. PARENT CALLOUT CARDS
  ══════════════════════════════════════ */

  .cert-callout-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 14px;
  }

  @media (max-width: 620px) {
    .cert-callout-grid {
      grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
  }

  .cert-callout-card {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(197,164,126,0.14) 0%, rgba(197,164,126,0.06) 100%);
    border: 1px solid rgba(197,164,126,0.35);
    border-left: 4px solid #C5A47E;
    border-radius: 14px;
    padding: 22px 24px;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease, background 0.2s ease;
    cursor: default;
  }

  .cert-callout-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 35px rgba(197,164,126,0.18);
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(197,164,126,0.22) 0%, rgba(197,164,126,0.1) 100%);
  }

  .cert-callout-age {
    display: inline-block;
    background: #C5A47E;
    color: #030F2B;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    padding: 3px 12px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  }

  .cert-callout-headline {
    font-size: 0.98rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #fff;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    line-height: 1.4;
  }

  .cert-callout-body {
    font-size: 0.83rem;
    color: rgba(240,244,255,0.68);
    line-height: 1.65;
  }

  /* ══════════════════════════════════════
     4. VISUAL PROGRESS LADDER
  ══════════════════════════════════════ */

  .cert-ladder-wrapper {
    padding: 32px 24px;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.03);
    border: 1px solid rgba(197,164,126,0.2);
    border-radius: 16px;
    overflow-x: auto;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  }

  .cert-ladder {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-end;
    gap: 0;
    min-width: 620px;
    position: relative;
    padding-bottom: 12px;
  }

  /* Connecting line */
  .cert-ladder::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 54px;
    left: 24px;
    right: 24px;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(to right, #FEF3C7, #FED7AA, #FDBA74, #F97316, #EA580C, #C2410C);
    border-radius: 3px;
    opacity: 0.5;
    z-index: 0;
  }

  .cert-ladder-step {
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    padding: 0 6px;
    cursor: default;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease;
  }

  .cert-ladder-step:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
  }

  .cert-ladder-bar-wrap {
    width: 44px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
  }

  .cert-ladder-bar {
    width: 44px;
    border-radius: 8px 8px 4px 4px;
    position: relative;
    transition: filter 0.2s ease;
  }

  .cert-ladder-step:hover .cert-ladder-bar {
    filter: brightness(1.15);
  }

  .cert-ladder-node {
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #030F2B;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.35);
  }

  .cert-ladder-label {
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 6px;
  }

  .cert-ladder-exam {
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #fff;
    white-space: nowrap;
  }

  .cert-ladder-grade {
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    color: rgba(240,244,255,0.5);
    margin-top: 2px;
    white-space: nowrap;
  }

  .cert-ladder-cefr {
    font-size: 0.6rem;
    color: rgba(240,244,255,0.4);
    margin-top: 1px;
  }

  @media (max-width: 480px) {
    .cert-ladder-wrapper {
      padding: 20px 16px;
    }
  }

  /* ══════════════════════════════════════
     5. CTA
  ══════════════════════════════════════ */

  .cert-cta-block {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 52px 24px;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.03);
    border: 1px solid rgba(197,164,126,0.25);
    border-radius: 20px;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
  }

  .cert-cta-block::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background: radial-gradient(ellipse 600px 300px at 50% 120%, rgba(197,164,126,0.12) 0%, transparent 70%);
    pointer-events: none;
  }

  .cert-cta-question {
    font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 3vw, 1.55rem);
    font-weight: 900;
    color: #fff;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
  }

  .cert-cta-sub {
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    color: rgba(240,244,255,0.6);
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
  }

  .cert-cta-btn {
    display: inline-block;
    background: #C5A47E;
    color: #fff;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    padding: 16px 40px;
    border-radius: 50px;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: background 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(197,164,126,0.35);
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  }

  .cert-cta-btn:hover {
    background: #d4762b;
    transform: translateY(-2px) scale(1.03);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(197,164,126,0.5);
  }

  .cert-cta-btn:active {
    transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
  }

  /* ── Divider between sections ── */
  .cert-divider {
    border: none;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.07);
    margin: 0 0 64px;
  }

  /* ── Scroll-reveal animation ── */
  .cert-reveal {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(22px);
    transition: opacity 0.6s ease, transform 0.6s ease;
  }

  .cert-reveal.cert-visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }